The History of Underwear in the Middle Ages: Shirts, Breeches, and Undergarments of Medieval Times

When we think of medieval clothing, our minds often jump to the elaborate gowns of noblewomen, the heavy cloaks of knights, or the rough woolen tunics of peasants. But beneath the visible layers of medieval attire, there existed a world of undergarments — essential yet often overlooked components of medieval dress. This article explores the history of underwear in the Middle Ages, including shirts, breeches, and other undergarments worn by both men and women. We will uncover what these garments were like, their materials, social significance, and how they evolved throughout the medieval period.

Introduction: Medieval Clothing Layers and the Role of Underwear

Medieval clothing typically involved multiple layers designed for warmth, modesty, and status display. Unlike today’s often minimal undergarments, medieval underwear played a practical role in protecting outer garments from body oils and sweat, maintaining hygiene, and providing comfort.

Underwear in the Middle Ages was not designed for display but for function. These garments were the closest layer to the skin, often made from linen—a fabric valued for its softness, breathability, and ability to absorb moisture. Linen undergarments helped keep coarser wool or silk outerwear cleaner.

Both men and women wore undergarments, though styles and purposes varied according to gender, social status, and the period within the Middle Ages (roughly 5th to 15th centuries). shutdown123